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1.
Materials science
Interdisciplinary field which deals with discovery and design of new materials, primarily of physical and chemical properties of solids
Overview:
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries.
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Overview:
A metal (from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon) 'mine, quarry, metal') is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. These ...
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Fracture
Split of materials or structures under stress
Overview:
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of ...
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Kalidindi Varma (born 1 June 1950 in Andhra Pradesh) is an Indian materials scientist. He received a PhD degree in Physics from Madras University, Chennai, India in 1981. He was a postdoctoral researcher ...
Date of birth: 1 June 1950
Nationality: Indian
Occupation: Scientist
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Overview:
Henry Clay Fry (1840 – 1929) was an American entrepreneur in the glass industry in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century.
Date of birth: 17 September 1840
Date of death: 1929
Nationality: American
Occupation: Inventor
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Henri Édouard Tresca (12 October 1814 – 21 June 1885) was a French mechanical engineer, and a professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in Paris.
Date of birth: 12 October 1814
Date of death: 21 June 1885
Nationality: French
Occupation: Scientist
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Nickel titanium, also known as Nitinol, is a metal alloy of nickel and titanium, where the two elements are present in roughly equal atomic percentages. Different alloys are named according to the weight ...
Nationality: American
Occupation: Inventor
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Yayuan Liu (born 1992) is a Chinese-American materials scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her research considers electrochemistry, nanomaterials and materials characterisation for the ...
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Gorilla Glass
trademark for an alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass
Overview:
Gorilla Glass, developed and manufactured by Corning, is a brand of chemically strengthened glass now in its ninth generation. Designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant, its surface strength and ...
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10.
Nucleation
first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or a new structure via self-assembly or self-organization
Overview:
In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture. Nucleation is ty ...
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Crystal growth
after a first nucleation, second step of crystallization consisting in the regular accretion of atoms or ions at the surface of the crystal
Overview:
A crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. Crystal growth is a major stage of a c ...
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12.
Tribology
deals with the scientific description of friction, wear and lubrication
Overview:
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic ...
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Overview:
In science and engineering the study of high pressure examines its effects on materials and the design and construction of devices, such as a diamond anvil cell, which can create high pressure. High p ...
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Elastomer
any elastically deformable, rubbery plastic material
Overview:
An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus (E) and high failure strain compared with other m ...
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15.
Coating
any adherent layer that covers a surface
Overview:
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases ...
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X-ray crystallography
technique used for determining the atomic or molecular structure of a crystal, in which the ordered atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into specific directions
Overview:
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific ...
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17.
Thin film
a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness
Overview:
A thin film is a layer of materials ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. The controlled synthesis of materials as thin films (a process referred to as ...
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18.
Overview:
Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study ...
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19.
Melting
phase change from solid to liquid
Overview:
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the ap ...
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Polymer
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
Overview:
A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived ...
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