Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant. Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually referred to as a separate body of water. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years (the Messinian salinity crisis) before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago.
| Coordinates | 35°N 18°E
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| Basin countries | about 61
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| Surface area | 2,500,000 km (970,000 sq mi)
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| Average depth | 1,500 m (4,900 ft)
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| Max. depth | 5,267 m (17,280 ft)
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| Water volume | 3,750,000 km (900,000 cu mi)
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| Residence time | 80–100 years
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| Islands | |||
| Settlements |
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